• LY294002 br Abbreviations br Acknowledgements br Introductio

  2020-12-30

  

  Abbreviations Acknowledgements Introduction Dopamine β-hydroxylase (DbH) is the enzyme catalysing the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine, two important neurotransmitters involved in the central nervous system [1]. This enzyme has been isolated from bovine chromaffin granules as a tetr

• br Materials and methods br Results Artemis has

  2020-12-30

  

  Materials and methods Results Artemis has been reported to possess 5′–3′ exonuclease activity in vitro on ssDNA, as well as DNA-PK-dependent endonuclease activity on single-strand overhang and hairpin DNA structures [11]. However, enzymes within the metallo-β-lactamase family typically contain

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion DNA

  2020-12-30

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion DNA-PKcs and the Ku heterodimer (Ku70 and Ku80) constitute the DNA-PK complex, which is a serine/threonine kinase. DNA-PK phosphorylates H2AX and other substrates, such as main NHEJ factors (Artemis, XRCC4, and DNA ligase IV) [4]. Therefore, DNA-PK d

• Our finding that the ATRX DAXX

  2020-12-30

  

  Our finding that the ATRX-DAXX-H3.3 complex promotes a form of HR is likely to have important implications for our understanding of the ALT recombination process that takes place at telomeres. We were surprised to observe that ATRX promotes a form of HR, since loss of the ATRX-DAXX-H3.3 complex is n

• Here we investigate in more detail

  2020-12-29

  

  Here we investigate in more detail how Dot1 function contributes to the regulation of DNA damage tolerance. We find that Dot1 modulates the response to the alkylating agent MMS through its catalytic activity on H3K79. In fact, progressively reduced levels of H3K79 tri-methylation result in gradually

• Keratin K has been identified

  2020-12-29

  

  Keratin 8 (K8) has been identified as the first intermediate filament expressed during development in amphibians and mammals. In zebrafish, a type II cytokeratin 8 (zf-K8) cDNA has been cloned. zf-K8 gene was maternally inherited and expressed in all surface cells throughout the embryonic stages old

• Dexamethasone DEX a potent synthetic glucocorticoid drug is

  2020-12-29

  

  Dexamethasone (DEX), a potent synthetic glucocorticoid drug, is effective for treatment of a range of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions as well as the reduction of side effects associated with chemotherapy. On the Czech Republic pharmaceutical market, DEX is incorporated into eighteen drugs use

• n oxide Preliminary studies evidenced the presence of

  2020-12-29

  

  Preliminary studies evidenced the presence of CRFr in gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic (GABAergic) neurons of the hippocampus (Yan et al., 1998). In fact, in this n oxide area, CRF inhibits glutamate release through CRF1r (Bagosi et al., 2015), leading to a decrease in the GABA concentration in the hy

• br Results br Discussion Drug resistance poses the greatest

  2020-12-29

  

  Results Discussion Drug resistance poses the greatest hurdle of achieving high efficacy with AADs in cancer patients. AAD-treated cancer patients often encounter intrinsic and evasive drug resistance that diminishes the therapeutic efficacy to only minor survival benefits in most cancer types.

• It is interesting that of

  2020-12-29

  

  It is interesting that of the control groups, female TG controls only had significantly higher MB-COMT protein than non-TG male controls (Supplemental Table 9, P = 0.005), while these two groups have almost equal expression of S-COMT protein (8.54- vs. 8.34-fold) and their COMT enzyme activity is al

• The ERR gene lacks the typical

  2020-12-29

  

  The ERRα gene lacks the typical TATA and CAAT boxes, but has multiple consensus Sp1 binding elements in the GC-rich promoter (Shi et al., 1997). Previously, our laboratory has shown that ERRα expression is upregulated in the mouse uterus by estrogen (Shigeta et al., 1997) and recently we identified

• br Conflicts of interest br Author

  2020-12-29

  

  Conflicts of interest Author contributions Acknowledgements This work was supported by the University of Brescia (ex 60%) and Siderurgica Leonessa research funds to AF. RR was supported by Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro - AIRC (MFAG 18459 grant). We are grateful to Umberto

• ERK and p MAPK signaling pathways play critical

  2020-12-29

  

  ERK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways play critical role in genesis and metastasis of melanoma (Tang et al., 2018). >50% of melanoma SLIGKV-NH2 synthesis (Abildgaard and Guldberg, 2015) show abnormal activity of BRAF-RAS-RAF to activate MEK signal that drives the growth-promoting extracellular signal

• Although both DNA DSBs and DNA PK

  2020-12-29

  

  Although both DNA DSBs and DNA-PK activity increase with aging in skeletal muscle (Figure 1), we cannot conclude that aging-associated increase in DNA-PK activity is solely mediated by chromosomal breaks, as DNA-PK is also activated independently of chromosomal breaks by ROS (Li et al., 2014), which

• cGAS has a central role in STING activation

  2020-12-29

  

  cGAS has a central role in STING activation after DNA sensing, but it is unknown if most of the DNA sensors act independently or in cooperation with the cGAS-cGAMP pathway. This was addressed for IFI16 (Almine et al., 2017, Jønsson et al., 2017) and PQBP1 (Yoh et al., 2015) but remains to be tested

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