• br Nuclear estrogen receptors Indirect genomic signaling As

  2020-12-09

  

  Nuclear estrogen receptors: Indirect genomic signaling As mentioned earlier, the transcription of several genes that do not contain EREs in their promoter regions can also be regulated by estradiol, without direct binding of the estrogen receptors to the DNA. According to the most recent reports,

• br Physiological roles for EPAC isoforms

  2020-12-09

  

  Physiological roles for EPAC isoforms: vascular function The effects of cAMP on limiting vascular endothelial cell (VEC) inflammation and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation have been well documented 36, 37, 38. However, recent work has demonstrated that several key effects of cAMP i

• ER stress was monitored by

  2020-12-09

  

  ER stress was monitored by both an increase of the ER chaperone (GRP78, GRP94) and the activation of the ER resident caspase-12. ER stress response (also known as the unfolded protein response) is a defense mechanism against various cellular stresses which causes accumulation of unfolded proteins in

• br Mechanisms of acquired resistance to st and

  2020-12-09

  

  Mechanisms of acquired resistance to 1st and 2nd generation EGFR inhibitors After treatment with first or second generation EGFR TKIs, virtually all patients after approximately 12 months develop acquired resistance (AR). Different mechanisms of AR to EGFR TKIs have been reported to date and may

• CXCR is not only critical in the B

  2020-12-09

  

  CXCR5 is not only critical in the B cell lineage in FL. A high proportion of CXCR5-expressing follicular helper T cells (TFH) were observed in FL but not in closely related DLBCL [141] and further investigation revealed that FL regulatory T cells (Tregs) used a CXCL13-CXCR5 autocrine loop for positi

• A prominent example of such enzyme is the proteasome

  2020-12-09

  

  A prominent example of such enzyme is the proteasome, a highly promising target not only in cancer, but also in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Circulating proteasomes and respective anti-proteasome autoantibodies were detected in serum samples from patients with autoimmune diseases such as mu

• mln4924 synthesis br Materials and methods br Results br

  2020-12-09

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion We recently detected phosphorylation of tyrosine Y102 in BPV-1 E2 and reported that FGFR3 binds to E2 and limits E1 dependent viral DNA replication (Culleton et al., 2017, Xie et al., 2017). In the current study, we addressed the potential role of ot

• br STAR Methods br Author Contributions br

  2020-12-09

  

  STAR★Methods Author Contributions Acknowledgments The authors thank Monika Kuhn for excellent technical assistance and Dr. Antje Schäfer for valuable scientific input. H.S. was supported by the DFG (FZ 82; Graduate School of Life Sciences and SCHI 425-6/1), and A.V.S. by Northwestern Univer

• Current therapeutic interventions are directed

  2020-12-08

  

  Current therapeutic interventions are directed both to prevent (primarily by proper glycemic control) and to treat the advanced stages of diabetic retinopathy, when vision has already been significantly affected. Although these therapies can be very effective in preventing, delaying or reducing visi

• Then what is the solution to tackle

  2020-12-08

  

  Then what is the solution to tackle DNA damage-induced metabolic decline? The culprit here may be not DNA damage signaling per se, but rather the persistent activation of the DNA damage signaling pathways due to age-related accumulation of DNA damage. DNA repair, including repair by NHEJ, is an esse

• To determine whether the same concentration of humic

  2020-12-08

  

  To determine whether the same concentration of humic Mifepristone causes changes in PCR efficiency, we performed another experiment in which the humic acid was added to the PCR mix after bisulfite conversion. All samples that were amplified in the presence of humic acid (thick lines) show a decreas

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Our study

  2020-12-08

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Our study assessed the cytokine and chemokine changes associated with first onset PP as compared to HP and HNP groups. In the monocytes/ macrophages/ dendritic Y 134 panel, IL-6 levels were found to be significantly elevated in both HP and PP groups

• Many filarial species harbor an endosymbiotic bacterium of t

  2020-12-08

  

  Many filarial species harbor an endosymbiotic bacterium of the genus Wolbachia. A recent investigation of Wolbachia distribution in 35 filarial species including 28 species and 7 genera and/or subgenera have shown that 37% of them harbor Wolbachia (Ferri et al., 2011). In filarial nematodes, Wolbach

• In these studies the inflammatory

  2020-12-08

  

  In these studies, the inflammatory cytokine IL-8 was demonstrated as one of the responsible molecules induced by CysLTs via activating CysLT2 receptors. IL-8 is synthesized in and released from mononuclear cells, macrophages, fibroblasts and airway epithelial cells, and it promotes inflammation as a

• CYP enzymes have an important

  2020-12-08

  

  CYP450 oxidative phosphorylation have an important role in microsomal oxidase function across a broad range of taxa (Pakharukova et al., 2012). They are involved in metabolism and detoxification of both internally generated compounds and xenobiotics as the phase I metabolizing enzymes and play an i

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