• A number of studies indicate the involvement of the

  2024-08-15

  

  A number of studies indicate the involvement of the classical AR or a splice variant that translocate to the membrane, via a palmitoylation mechanism, similar to ERα (Acconcia et al., 2005, Acconcia et al., 2004, Acconcia et al., 2003), since AR equally contains the required nine amino Cy7 maleimide

• Based on the general structure function

  2024-08-15

  

  Based on the general structure-function principle in biology [[19], [20], [21]], toxic oligomers are expected to have well-defined three-dimensional structures to carry out their pathological functions. A common amyloid toxicity mechanism also suggests that toxic oligomers of different amyloid prote

• AMP activated protein kinase AMPK is a key cellular energy

  2024-08-15

  

  AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key cellular energy sensor that maintains energy homeostasis at the cellular and whole-organism level (Hardie et al., 2012). Functionally, the AMPK pathway sustains adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production through activation of fatty Atractyloside Dipotassium

• ACA Introduction Lipoxygenases LOXs are key

  2024-08-15

  

  Introduction Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are key enzymes that catalyze the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as arachidic ACA (AA), linoleic acid (LA) and others unsaturated fatty acids (Brash, 1999). LOXs are expressed in immune, neural, epithelial, tumor cells and other cells (Claesson, 2009). By

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion

  2024-08-15

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Knowledge of the molecular basis of an inherited genetic disease is crucial for understanding the disease pathology and, ultimately, for therapeutic design. Several recent reports have stressed the need for physical characterization of disease-associ

• Aldose reductase AR is an NADPH dependent aldo

  2024-08-15

  

  Aldose reductase (AR), is an NADPH-dependent aldo-keto reductase very well studied as a catalyst of glucose conversion to sorbitol in the polyol pathway [11], [12]. In the diabetic lens characterized by chronically high levels of glucose, AR is responsible for production of high levels of sorbitol a

• sn 38 AKT has been shown to be important for

  2024-08-15

  

  AKT1 has been shown to be important for G1-S checkpoint transition and proliferation, whereas AKT2 regulates cell-cycle exit through its interaction with p21 (Héron-Milhavet et al., 2006). In a recent study in triple negative breast cancer, AKT3, rather than AKT1 activity was most important for cell

• Studies on both TCDD treated mice and AhR null

  2024-08-15

  

  Studies on both TCDD treated mice and AhR null mice have also pointed to a role of AhR in hematopoiesis [65], [66]. Singh et al. showed that AhR is a negative regulator of HSC (hematopoietic stem cell) proliferation, while deletion of AhR leads to spleen enlargement in juvenile and adult mice [67].

• KU-0063794 receptor ADA catalyzes the deamination of adenosi

  2024-08-14

  

  ADA catalyzes the deamination of adenosine and deoxyadenosine into their respective inosine nucleoside (Cristalli et al., 2001). This conversion is an initial step in a series of reactions responsible for lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, ADA is considered an indicator of cellu

• Epithelial mesenchymal transition EMT is the process by

  2024-08-14

  

  Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the process by which epithelial cells are trans-differentiated into motile mesenchymal cells. During EMT, epithelial cells reorganize their cortical VU590 hydrochloride cytoskeleton, lose their junctions and apical-basal polarity, change cell shape, and re

• When skeletal muscle ages there is an increase

  2024-08-14

  

  When skeletal muscle ages, there is an increase in frailty, which is coincident with a decrease in muscle mass and function—this condition is called sarcopenia (Cruz-Jentoft et al., 2010). It has been shown that one of the major pathways downregulated at the onset of sarcopenia is the mitochondrial

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion

  2024-08-14

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Japanese encephalitis caused by JEV is characterized by auz neuron death. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. We and other researchers have demonstrated that JEV induces apoptosis by ER stress-mediated IRE1/JNK and ROS-mediated

• As a neuropeptide Apelin also

  2024-08-14

  

  As a neuropeptide, Apelin also has a critical role in cardiovascular diseases. Systemic administration of Apelin exert vasodilatory and antihypertensive effects [33]. Meanwhile, the apelin-APJ signal transduction pathway is related to age-associated cardiovascular diseases [34]. It has been known th

• br Funding The present study

  2024-08-14

  

  Funding The present study was funded by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) within Research Program 1001, unique project number: 214S349. Introduction The apelin receptor, also called APJ or angiotensin receptor-like 1 was first cloned in 1993 due to its stro

• Introduction Enzymatic browning degrades quality

  2024-08-14

  

  Introduction Enzymatic browning degrades quality, safety, and nutritional values of various fruits or vegetable products. For example, the color of apple or potato is generally yellowish, representing freshness. However, they are extremely susceptible to enzymatic browning because of abundant polyp

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